A study on all perennial rivers has been performed. The aim of the study was to identify and estimate cost and production for all potential hydro power projects in the Lower Kunene, Kavango and Lower Orange rivers. The table below show all possible projects. The development price in this table assumes that Epupa has already been developed. This is because all later projects will benefit from infrastructure from the Epupa project.
| Project name | Power [MW] |
Production [GWh] |
Cost [Million N$] |
Unit cost [Nc/kWh] |
| Ondurusu | 58 | 225 | 663 | 33 |
| Zebra | 30 | 115 | 498 | 47 |
| Epupa | 340 | 1724 | 3574 | 24 |
| Baynes | 225 | 1120 | 1656 | 18 |
| Marien | 230 | 1170 | 2252 | 23 |
| Hartman | 125 | 630 | 1232 | 23 |
| Hombolo | 170 | 855 | 1598 | 22 |
| Mcha | 80 | 410 | 911 | 26 |
| Divundu A | 19 | 150 | 297 | 23 |
| Onseep B | 29 | 151 | 334 | 26 |
| Vioolsdrift | 44 | 227 | 673 | 33 |
| Aussenkehr | 30 | 155 | 332 | 25 |
The following graph show all potential and existing energy production in the three perennial rivers sorted by the per unit cost. In this figure the Ruacana hydropower station is included, and Epupa is assumed already constructed. As can be deducted from the table and the figure, 5.500 GWh out of a potential of approx. 7.000 GWh can be constructed at a price below 25Ncent/kWh.
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